PSA results 2 years apart When a PSA result comes back elevated, most men immediately assume the worst. That is understandable. But PSA does not only rise with cancer, and understanding what else can cause it to go up is where good clinical judgment begins. What Can Raise PSA Besides Cancer Several common conditions and circumstances can push PSA upward, none of which involve cancer. An enlarged prostate, known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH, is one of the most common